XRF

XRF = X-Ray Fluorescence, a method used to determine the elemental composition of materials (but not chemical compounds). The process is non-destructive and uses a handheld gun that is kept off a surface to be analyzed. Elemental composition, anywthing from sodium to uranium on the periodic table, is displayed as a per cent of total almost immediately. So, for philately, it can be used to study and identify ink colors and shades or for forgery identification of materials used.

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