Russian Civil War

With the end of Russian monarchy in 1917, a provisional government was set up in March. For earlier Russian issues, see: Russian Empire.

Provisional government

 * In March 1917, under the Socialist provisional government, previous designs were released as imperfs, again with varnish lozenges.
 * Perfed ruble values were also issued using previous designs, now with varnish lozenges.
 * After the October Revolution, by November, the government collapsed and the Bolsheviks took over.

 File:Russian prov govt15k.jpg|15 kopeck value. File:Russia prov govt ground inv.jpg|1 ruble, groundwork inverted. 

РСфСР
The Bolshevik Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR or РСфСР) took power with opposition arising around Russia.  File:Russia chaincut.jpg|1918 Socialist Republic issue. 
 * Its first issue was released in 1918, inscribed РОССІЯ. However, with ongoing warfare, no stamps would be printed for four years. Meanwhile, old postage stamps and revenue stamps were used.
 * Byelorussia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgizstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine were left to handle their own postal systems.

Postal-fiscals
During 1918-22, revenue stamps were authorized for use as postage. With hyperinflation beginning in 1920, these were sold for ever-increasing amounts until gold currency stamps were issued.

 File:Russia postal savings A.jpg|Postal savings stamp as postage. File:Russia Postal savings.jpg|Postal savings stamp as postage. File:Russia control stamp.jpg|Control (revenue) stamp usable for postage. 

1921 РСфСР issues onward
 File:Russia Fed 5k.jpg|1922 5k 5th anniversary of the October Revolution. File:Russia fed semipostal.jpg|1922 100+100 ruble semipostal overprinted "for the hungry". File:Russia fe semi 2.jpg|1922 2k Philately for Children semipostal. File:Russia 30R star.jpg|1922-23 30r star surcharge. File:Russia semi B.jpg|1922 (20+5r) semipostal inscribed "for the hungry". File:Russia first air.jpg|The first airmail (1922). File:Russia official air.jpg|1922 Airmail official. 

Anti-Bolshevik forces
A number of armies opposed the Bolsheviks, or Reds, are lumped together as the Whites. They were from different political persuasions and were not always cooperative. Add in armies from Austria-Hungary, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, the United States and more with varying degrees of participation.
 * Northern Army
 * Siberia
 * West Army

 . 